O Sinal WOW! detetado em 1977 pelo projeto
SETI / The "WOW Signal!", detected in 1977 by the SETI project
Kardashev created a system to classify possible extraterrestrial civilizations according to the energy used and the way to obtain it. It is only a theoretical system, but some authors think that, if there are Type II or III civilizations, which would be very advanced, Mankind would have a chance to verify their existence, since such beings could influence/change stars or planets. My question is: are there any phenomena, at an interstellar level (so, UFOs, sightings, or anything of the sort) observed by astronomers, which does not have any plausible explanation and which could be attributed, albeit reluctantly, to a type II civilization or III?
I don't know of any such phenomenon. I recall, for example, the discovery of pulsars, quasars and gamma-ray bursts. All objects or phenomena that initially we didn't quite know what they were, but that later, with more rigorous observations, supported by theoretical studies, we ended up framing within our vision of the Universe, based on our Laws of Physics.
Sometimes phenomena called transients or anomalies are observed for which we have no explanation. However, if these phenomena are observed only once, we generally do not have enough data to draw conclusions.
The SETI project has been looking for possible signs of advanced civilizations for many years. The idea is to find a signal that cannot be generated by natural causes, like a sequence of prime numbers. In 1977, a signal was detected, which became known as the WOW Signal!, but it was not detected again, and therefore no conclusions can be drawn (see: https://www.seti.org/faq)