PBH formation due to critical collapse during the QCD epoch
Laurindo Sobrinho (1,2) Pedro Jesus (2) João Cunha (2)
(1) Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia (FCEE), Universidade da Madeira, Caminho da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal
(2) Grupo de Astronomia da Universidade da Madeira (GAUMa)Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) might have formed in the early Universe as a consequence of the collapse of density fluctuations with amplitude δ above some threshold δc. The mass of a PBH is generally expected to be on the order of the horizon mass at its formation epoch. However, this may not hold true when δ ≳ δc. In these cases, the phenomenon of critical collapse must be considered, which results in a much broader mass spectrum for the PBH population. We explored PBH formation during the QCD epoch for a Crossover Model (CM) within the regime of critical collapse. As a general result, we found that although the number of PBHs is of the same order of magnitude for analogous cases, their mass spectrum is considerably broader in the case of critical collapse, spanning across four or more orders of magnitude toward the smaller masses.
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Relatório PBH formation due to critical collapse during the QCD epoch, Sobrinho J. L. G., Jesus P. D. F., Cunha J. N., August 2025, Relatório do trabalho desenvolvido ao abrigo do programa INGRESSA 2025 e Estágios de Verão 2025 da Secretaria Regional da Educação - Direção Regional de Juventude (36 pp.) pdf (1.34 MB)